Coronary thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) which blocks a coronary artery of the heart.

Causes

The blood clots in coronary thrombosis can form in a condition called atherosclerosis, which is when fat and plaque build up on the artery walls. When this occurs, the arteries become narrow and blood may not flow as easily. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form around the location. This can lead to a heart attack (technically known as a myocardial infarction).

Risks

Several conditions are considered as risk factors for a heart attack associated with coronary thrombosis, including:

Atherosclerosis in family history
Diabetes (type 1 or type 2)
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Lack of sufficient exercise
Male gender
Obesity
Smoking
Stress

Symptoms

Coronary thrombosis may be asymptomatic (without symptoms), although some patients may feel chest pain, known as angina. Once a plaque ruptures, other signs and symptoms may become present:

Difficulty breathing
Dizziness
Fainting
Pain (primarily: breast bone, left side of chest; secondarily: arms, ear, hands, jaw, stomach)
Tightening feeling in throat

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of coronary thrombosis is made by a doctor or medical professional, and is commonly given through the results of an electrocardiogram (ECG). Blood testing may also be done.

Treatment

Coronary thrombosis treatment methods may include:

ACE inhibitors
Aspirin
Beta-blockers
Calcium-channel blockers
Coronary angioplasty surgery
Diuretics
Nitrates
Proper diet
Sufficient exercise
Thrombolytic medicine
Quitting smoking